The architect, furniture designer and cartoonist Bruno Paul began his career as an artist in 1886 at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Dresden. He finished his studies in 1892 at the Munich Art Academy. From February 1897 Bruno Paul worked for the satirical magazine "Simplicissimus", which had been founded by the publisher Albert Langen and the painter Thomas Theodor Heine in Munich in 1896. The years that followed saw Bruno Paul produce about five hundred cartoons by 1906. In 1897 Bruno Paul was a co-founder of the Munich Vereinigte Werkstätten für Kunst im Handwerk, designing both furniture and metal objects. By 1905 Bruno Paul had shown designs for interiors at several exhibitions. Bruno Paul was commissioned to design the waiting room at Nuremberg Main Train Station. Bruno Paul's formal language is simple, with geometric forms, and is far more astringent than that of either Bernhard Pankok or Hermann Obrist. In 1906 Bruno Paul was appointed head of the Kunstgewerbeschule in Berlin. It was in Berlin that Bruno Paul received his first commission as an architect, designing "Haus Westend" in 1907/08, followed by other buildings. In 1907 Bruno Paul became a co-founder of the Deutscher Werkbund. In 1914 Bruno Paul was represented with three buildings at the Werbund exhibition in Cologne: "Gelbes Haus", "Weinhaus", and "Bierhalle". In 1924 Bruno Paul became director of the Berlin Vereinigte Staatsschulen für freie und angewandte Kunst. However, in 1933 Bruno Paul was dismissed by the Nazis from all his public posts. After working for a while as a freelance architect and designer, Bruno Paul emigrated to the US in the 1930s, where he had already received international acclaim for designing Macy's department store in New York in 1925.